The provided equation is:
\[
y = \sqrt{\cos x + y}.
\]
Squaring both sides yields:
\[
y^2 = \cos x + y.
\]
Differentiating with respect to \( x \) gives:
\[
2y \frac{dy}{dx} = -\sin x + \frac{dy}{dx}.
\]
Rearranging to isolate \( \frac{dy}{dx} \)-terms:
\[
2y \frac{dy}{dx} - \frac{dy}{dx} = -\sin x.
\]
Factoring out \( \frac{dy}{dx} \):
\[
\frac{dy}{dx} (2y - 1) = -\sin x.
\]
Solving for \( \frac{dy}{dx} \):
\[
\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{-\sin x}{2y - 1}.
\]
Given that \( y = \sqrt{\cos x + y} \), \( y \) must be non-negative. Thus, the expression can be simplified to:
\[
\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\sin x}{1 - 2y}.
\]
Therefore, it is proven that:
\[
\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\sin x}{1 - 2y}.
\]