Question

(a) Explain any three psychological barriers to communication.
OR
(b) ‘Directing helps in effective and efficient functioning of the organization.’ Explain this statement by giving any three points.

Hint:

Psychological barriers occur inside the mind — directing removes confusion and aligns people toward the same goal.

Answer 1

(a) Three Psychological Hindrances to Communication:

• Pre-emptive Judgment: Listeners may form conclusions about a message before the speaker concludes, impeding communication.
• Inattentiveness: External distractions or internal preoccupation can cause messages to be disregarded.
• Emotional Influence: Adverse feelings such as anger or envy can warp the understanding of messages.

(b) The Significance of Direction in Operational Efficiency:

• Facilitates Action: Direction clarifies tasks and methodologies for employees, ensuring execution.
• Aligns Activities: It synchronizes individual objectives with organizational aims.
• Stimulates Staff: Effective leadership and communication enhance morale and output.

Summary: Both sections have been elucidated.