A 55 year old male accident victim in casualty urgently needs blood. The blood bank is unable to determine his ABO group, as his red cell group and plasma group do not match. Emergency transfusion of the patient should be with

Question

Image below highlights jugular foramen. Which of the following structures do not pass through the marked structure “A”?

Answer 1

This question is about what to transfuse when the blood bank cannot pin down a patient's ABO group because his forward and reverse typing disagree, yet he needs blood urgently.

RBC matching his red cell group, plus fluids: This assumes we already trust the red cell typing result, but that is the very result under doubt here. Using it could still trigger a reaction if the true group is different.
Whole blood matching his plasma group: Whole blood brings donor plasma and donor cells together. If the plasma typing itself is unreliable, matching to it is risky, and whole blood is not the modern emergency standard anyway.
O positive RBC and colloids/crystalloid: Group O red cells have no A or B antigen on their surface, so no anti-A or anti-B antibody, in a recipient of any group, can attack them. Volume is made up separately with fluids that carry no blood group antigens at all. This is the accepted emergency approach.
AB negative whole blood: AB plasma is the universal plasma donor because it has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies, but whole blood also carries AB red cells, which do carry both antigens, so this is not the safe universal red cell choice.

Because the red cell group is genuinely uncertain, the only component that is safe no matter what his true group turns out to be is O group red cells, backed up with plain fluids for volume.

Let's summarize:

O group red cells carry no ABO antigens, so they are compatible with any recipient plasma.
Volume replacement in this emergency comes from colloids or crystalloids, not from unmatched type specific blood.

So the correct emergency transfusion here is O positive red cells with colloids or crystalloids.

Answer 2

This question is about what to transfuse when the blood bank cannot pin down a patient's ABO group because his forward and reverse typing disagree, yet he needs blood urgently.

RBC matching his red cell group, plus fluids: This assumes we already trust the red cell typing result, but that is the very result under doubt here. Using it could still trigger a reaction if the true group is different.
Whole blood matching his plasma group: Whole blood brings donor plasma and donor cells together. If the plasma typing itself is unreliable, matching to it is risky, and whole blood is not the modern emergency standard anyway.
O positive RBC and colloids/crystalloid: Group O red cells have no A or B antigen on their surface, so no anti-A or anti-B antibody, in a recipient of any group, can attack them. Volume is made up separately with fluids that carry no blood group antigens at all. This is the accepted emergency approach.
AB negative whole blood: AB plasma is the universal plasma donor because it has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies, but whole blood also carries AB red cells, which do carry both antigens, so this is not the safe universal red cell choice.

Because the red cell group is genuinely uncertain, the only component that is safe no matter what his true group turns out to be is O group red cells, backed up with plain fluids for volume.

Let's summarize:

O group red cells carry no ABO antigens, so they are compatible with any recipient plasma.
Volume replacement in this emergency comes from colloids or crystalloids, not from unmatched type specific blood.

So the correct emergency transfusion here is O positive red cells with colloids or crystalloids.

A 55 year old male accident victim in casualty urgently needs blood. The blood bank is unable to determine his ABO group, as his red cell group and plasma group do not match. Emergency transfusion of the patient should be with

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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

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