Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Khoa (Khoya) is a concentrated milk product made by partially dehydrating whole milk. The yield is largely determined by the milk's Total Solids (TS) content. Buffalo milk is favored for Khoa production due to its higher TS content compared to cow milk.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Khoa yield can be estimated using the average Total Solids content of the milk.
\[ \text{Yield of Khoa} \approx \text{Weight of Milk} \times \frac{\text{Total Solids \% in milk}}{\text{Total Solids \% in Khoa}} \times 100 \]
A simplified estimate is that the yield represents the concentration of solids as a percentage of the initial milk weight.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Buffalo milk typically contains 16-18% Total Solids (TS).
Khoa contains approximately 70-75% Total Solids.
Khoa production involves evaporating a significant amount of water to concentrate the milk solids.
The approximate buffalo milk to Khoa conversion ratio is 5:1, meaning 5 kg of milk produces 1 kg of Khoa, equivalent to a 20% yield.
Therefore, 100 kg of buffalo milk yields:
\[ 100 \, \text{kg} \times \frac{1}{5} = 20 \, \text{kg} \]
Industrial yields commonly achieve 20-22 kg of Khoa per 100 kg of buffalo milk.
Among the provided options, 22 kg is the most accurate and widely observed yield.
Step 4: Final Answer:
Given the high total solids content of buffalo milk, Khoa production typically yields around 22 kg per 100 kg of milk.