List of top Plant Sciences Questions asked in ICAR AIEEA (PG)

Which of the following statements are INCORRECT about 'Enforced seed dormancy'?
• [(A).] Enforced seed dormancy occurs due to certain genetical and physiological factors. 
• [(B).] Enforced seed dormancy is truly a specific character of the seeds. 
• [(C).] High soil temperature and $NO_3$ content of the surface soil may help break the enforced seed dormancy. 
• [(D).] Cultivation practices may also break the enforced seed dormancy by exposing the seeds to better aeration. 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

The characteristic features of monocot seeds include- 
• [(A).] Seeds germinate bearing a short axis called Plumule and Radicle. 
• [(B).] Plumule and Radicle are enclosed in a sheath called Coleoptile and Coleorhiza, respectively. 
• [(C).] The radicle grows downward and develops into the root system. 
• [(D).] The cotyledon of the seeds of the monocot crop Sorghum (Jowar) is known as 'Husk'. 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Which combinations of the following statements about Abscisic Acid (ABA) in plants are correct?
• [(A).] ABA is important for plant development and desiccation tolerance. 
• [(B).] ABA influences the expression of various genes, including the gene for Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins. 
• [(C).] ABA also regulates the closure of aquaporins. 
• [(D).] Like GAs, the ABA also strongly promotes early flowering in plants. 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Which of the following statements about synthetic varieties are correct? 
• [(A).] Unlike hybrids, the farmers can save the seeds of synthetic varieties. 
• [(B).] Synthetic varieties have wider adaptability. 
• [(C).] No need to make fresh crosses every year. 
• [(D).] Synthetic varieties are higher yielding than the hybrids. 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Following are the activities in the development and release of a crop variety. Arrange the activities in chronological order i.e. from start to the last.  
• [(A).] Evaluation of the collected genotypes and selection of parental genotypes. 
• [(B).] Collection of diverse genotypes of the target crop. 
• [(C).] Pair-wise cross-hybridization of the parental genotypes followed by evaluation and selection of the superior recombinants. 
• [(D).] Testing, release, and commercializing the new variety. 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Fertilization is an important event in angiosperm, which involves several critical activities. Below are a few major steps of fertilization in plants. Arrange them from the beginning to the last, systematically. 
• [(A).] Pollen germination. 
• [(B).] Anthesis followed by pollination. 
• [(C).] Fertilization. 
• [(D).] Penetration of the ovule. 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Different classes of seeds have various levels of genetic purity (%) standards. Arrange the following classes of seeds in ascending order of their genetic purity. 
• [(A).] TL Seeds 
• [(B).] Breeders seeds 
• [(C).] Foundation seeds 
• [(D).] Certified seeds 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Arrange the following terms/events chronologically based on their birth/discovery from the oldest to the latest.
• [(A).] 'DNA double helix' discovery 
• [(B).] Coining of the term 'Gene' 
• [(C).] Coining of the term 'Genetics' 
• [(D).] Reporting of the 'Pure line theory' 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Arrange the following concepts/principles chronologically from the oldest to the latest. 
• [(A).] Gene-for-gene hypothesis 
• [(B).] Dominance hypothesis 
• [(C).] Transforming principles 
• [(D).] Concept of heterosis 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
• [Assertion (A):] In nature, the tetraploid and hexaploid wheat reproduce as diploid (\(2n=28\) or \(2n = 42\)). 
• [Reason (R):] In the presence of the Ph1 allele in chromosome 5B, each chromosome pairs only with its homologue from the same genome and reproduces as diploid. 
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A), and the other one is labeled as Reason (R).
• [Assertion (A):] Self-incompatibility, male sterility, and pistillate condition have one effect in common i.e. they prevent self-pollination. 
• [Reason (R):] Self-incompatibility and male sterility are used in hybrid seed production while pistillate condition is used in inbred development. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
• [Assertion (A):] Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity confuse the relationship between the genotype and phenotype. 
• [Reason (R):] Progeny test for more than one generation may be used to study the nature of penetrance and expressivity, and to establish the genotype of a plant beyond reasonable doubt. 
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). 
• [Assertion (A):] Biotrophs can be easily cultured in artificial medium. 
• [Reason (R):] Biotrophs lost their independent growth due to co-evolution with the host. 
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: 
 

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). 
• [Assertion (A):] Rust is incited not only by fungi but also by other organisms. 
• [Reason (R):] Colour of rust pustule reveal its causal agent.
 In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
• [Assertion (A):] Phytoplasma do not have cell wall and motility. 
• [Reason (R):] Phytoplasma colonize phloem. 
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements:
• [Statement (I):] Bacteria need pre-existing openings or wounds on plants to initiate infection. 
• [Statement (II):] Bacteria do not produce specialized infective structures. 
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements: 
• [Statement (I):] Horizontal gene transfer among the microbes is responsible for the transmission of virulence factors. 
• [Statement (II):] Horizontal gene transfer can happen between microbes and plants also. 
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements: 
• [Statement (I):] Vertical resistance is exploited in agriculture by pathologists and breeders for crop improvement. 
• [Statement (II):] Vertical resistance is mostly monogenic in nature. 
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements: 
• [Statement (I):] Viruses can insert their genes into the host genome. 
• [Statement (II):] Viral gene insertion in nature may lead to major phenotypic alteration in the host. 
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements: 
• [Statement (I):] Anton de Bary's experiment paved the way for the modern-day plant pathology experiments. 
• [Statement (II):] Anton de Bary was a medical doctor.
 In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. 
 

Which of the following traits are observed in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes? 
• [(A).] 70S ribosomes 
• [(B).] Nuclear division by Mitosis 
• [(C).] Phagocytosis 
• [(D).] Binary fission 
• [(E).] Presence of Nucleolus 
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

Given below are two statements: 
• [Statement (I):] The lipids found in the inner (cell) membrane of bacteria are phospholipids. 
• [Statement (II):] The lipids in the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria contain both phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides. 
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements:
• [Statement (I):] Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an yeast, is the most widely used microorganism for industrial ethanol fermentation. 
• [Statement (II):] Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ethanol through glycolytic (Embden Meyerhoff Parnas) Pathway. 
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).
• [Assertion (A):] During DNA replication, the lagging strand is replicated in short pieces. 
• [Reason (R):] DNA polymerase can synthesize the DNA only in one direction i.e. 5' to 3'. 
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below. 
 

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). 
• [Assertion (A):] Inoculated Azospirillum culture did not show growth in Nitrogen free malate broth incubated at 37 °C under shaking conditions. 
• [Reason (R):] Azospirillum requires microaerophilic conditions for nitrogen fixation. Aerobic conditions inhibit nitrogen fixation. 
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.